Bibliography

Research using CPRD data has informed drug safety guidance and clinical practice and resulted in over 3,500 peer-reviewed publications. The CPRD bibliography listed below is updated on a monthly basis (last updated 8 May 2024).

If you have published papers using CPRD data which are not included in this list, please contact us at enquiries@cprd.com so that we can update the bibliography.

Download: CPRD bibliography PDF May 2024 (PDF, 3.7MB, 317 pages) 

Download: CPRD bibliography .BIB May 2024 (BIB, 1.8MB, 1 page)

This work uses data provided by patients and collected by the NHS as part of their care and support. CPRD encourages researchers to use this citation in all publications using CPRD data. Find out more about acknowledging the use of patient data at the Understanding Patient Data website

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Year Title Sort descending
2021

Current treatments used in clinical practice for major depressive disorder and treatment resistant depression in England: A retrospective database study

10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.05.026

Authors: T. Denee, C. Kerr, T. Ming, R. Wood, T. Tritton, C. Middleton-Dalby, O. Massey, M. Desai

2005

Current use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and the risk of acute myocardial infarction

Authors: L. Fischer, R. Schlienger, C. Matter, H. Jick, C. Meier

2004

Current use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of acute myocardial infarction

Authors: R. Schlienger, L. Fischer, H. Jick, C. Meier

2006

Cyclooxygenase-2 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of ischemic stroke: a nested case-control study

10.1161/01.str.0000226642.55207.94

Authors: F. Andersohn, R. Schade, S. Suissa, E. Garbe

2016

Cytology in the diagnosis of cervical cancer in symptomatic young women: a retrospective review

10.3399/bjgp16X687937

Authors: A. Lim, R. Landy, A. Castanon, A. Hollingworth, W. Hamilton, N. Dudding, P. Sasieni

2017

Dapagliflozin therapy for type 2 diabetes in primary care: Changes in HbA1c, weight and blood pressure over 2 years follow-up

10.1016/j.pcd.2017.04.004

Authors: J. Wilding, C. Bailey, U. Rigney, B. Blak, M. Kok, C. Emmas

2012

Data resource profile: cardiovascular disease research using linked bespoke studies and electronic health records (CALIBER)

10.1093/ije/dys188

Authors: S. Denaxas, J. George, E. Herrett, A. Shah, D. Kalra, A. Hingorani, M. Kivimaki, A. Timmis, L. Smeeth, H. Hemingway

2015

Data Resource Profile: Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD)

10.1093/ije/dyv098

Authors: E. Herrett, A. Gallagher, K. Bhaskaran, H. Forbes, R. Mathur, T. Van Staa, L. Smeeth

2019

Data resource profile: Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum

10.1093/ije/dyz034

Authors: A. Wolf, D. Dedman, J. Campbell, H. Booth, D. Lunn, J. Chapman, P. Myles

2008

Data resources for investigating drug exposure during pregnancy and associated outcomes: the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) as an alternative to pregnancy registries

Authors: R. Charlton, M. Cunnington, C. de Vries, J. Weil

2020

Data-driven discovery of changes in clinical code usage over time: a case-study on changes in cardiovascular disease recording in two English electronic health records databases (2001-2015)

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034396

Authors: P. Rockenschaub, V. Nguyen, R. Aldridge, D. Acosta, J. Garcia-Gomez, C. Saez

2021

Data-driven identification of ageing-related diseases from electronic health records

10.1038/s41598-021-82459-y

Authors: V. Kuan, H. Fraser, M. Hingorani, S. Denaxas, A. Gonzalez-Izquierdo, K. Direk, D. Nitsch, R. Mathur, C. Parisinos, R. Lumbers, R. Sofat, I. Wong, J. Casas, J. Thornton, H. Hemingway, L. Partridge, A. Hingorani

2010

Declining 1-year case-fatality of stroke and increasing coverage of vascular risk management: population-based cohort study

10.1136/jnnp.2009.193136

Authors: M. Gulliford, J. Charlton, A. Rudd, C. Wolfe, A. Toschke

2017

Declining blood pressure and intensification of blood pressure management among people over 80 years: cohort study using electronic health records

10.1097/hjh.0000000000001291

Authors: R. Ravindrarajah, A. Dregan, N. Hazra, S. Hamada, S. Jackson, M. Gulliford

2013

Declining genital Warts in young women in england associated with HPV 16/18 vaccination: an ecological study

10.1093/infdis/jit361

Authors: R. Howell-Jones, K. Soldan, S. Wetten, D. Mesher, T. Williams, O. Gill, G. Hughes

2016

Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson\textquoterights Disease with Early Motor Complications: A UK Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

10.1371/journal.pone.0159340

Authors: T. Fundament, P. Eldridge, A. Green, A. Whone, R. Taylor, A. Williams, W. Schuepbach

2020

Deep learning for electronic health records: A comparative review of multiple deep neural architectures

10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103337

Authors: J. Solares, F. Raimondi, Y. Zhu, F. Rahimian, D. Canoy, J. Tran, A. Gomes, A. Payberah, M. Zottoli, M. Nazarzadeh, N. Conrad, K. Rahimi, G. Salimi-Khorshidi

2021

Defining Clinically-Relevant Target Populations Using Real-World Data to Guide the Design of Representative Antidiabetic Drug Trials

10.1002/cpt.2213

Authors: R. Pradhan, D. Abrahami, H. Yin, O. H. Y. Yu, V. Sahasrabudhe, Baumfeld Andre, L. Azoulay

2022

Defining the optimum strategy for identifying adults and children with coeliac disease: systematic review and economic modelling

10.3310/zuce8371

Authors: M. Elwenspoek, H. Thom, A. Sheppard, E. Keeney, R. O'Donnell, J. Jackson, C. Roadevin, S. Dawson, D. Lane, J. Stubbs, H. Everitt, J. Watson, A. Hay, P. Gillett, G. Robins, H. Jones, S. Mallett, P. Whiting

2000

Defining the spectrum of appropriate prescribing: implications for effective medicines management

10.2165/00124363-200002000-00013

Authors: Martin Frischer, H. Heatlie, S. Chapman, D. Millson

2012

Defining upper gastrointestinal bleeding from linked primary and secondary care data and the effect on occurrence and 28 day mortality

10.1186/1472-6963-12-392

Authors: C. Crooks, T. Card, J. West

2019

Degree of serotonin reuptake inhibition of antidepressants and ischemic risk: A cohort study

10.1212/wnl.0000000000008060

Authors: A. Douros, S. Dell'Aniello, G. Dehghan, J. Boivin, C. Renoux

2015

Delay in treatment intensification increases the risks of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes

10.1186/s12933-015-0260-x

Authors: S. Paul, K. Klein, B. Thorsted, M. Wolden, K. Khunti

2019

Delays in referral from primary care are associated with a worse survival in patients with esophagogastric cancer

10.1093/dote/doy132

Authors: C. Arhi, S. Markar, E. Burns, G. Bouras, A. Bottle, G. Hanna, P. Aylin, P. Ziprin, A. Darzi

2020

Delays in referral from primary care worsen survival for patients with colorectal cancer: a retrospective cohort study

10.3399/bjgp20X710441

Authors: C. Arhi, E. Burns, A. Bottle, G. Bouras, P. Aylin, P. Ziprin, A. Darzi

2023

Dementia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: Comparing metformin with no pharmacological treatment

10.1002/alz.13349

Authors: B. Zheng, B. Su, S. Ahmadi-Abhari, D. Kapogiannis, I. Tzoulaki, E. Riboli, L. Middleton

2018

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of COPD Patients at Different Blood Eosinophil Levels in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink

10.1080/15412555.2018.1441275

Authors: S. Landis, R. Suruki, J. Maskell, K. Bonar, E. Hilton, C. Compton

2016

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Initiating Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors: A Retrospective Study of UK General Practice

10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.07.006

Authors: A. Tebboth, S. Lee, A. Scowcroft, P. Bingham-Gardiner, W. Spencer, J. Bolodeoku, S. Hassan

2016

Dental consultations in UK general practice and antibiotic prescribing rates: a retrospective cohort study

10.3399/bjgp16X684757

Authors: A. Cope, I. Chestnutt, F. Wood, N. Francis

2016

Depression as a Risk Factor for the Initial Presentation of Twelve Cardiac, Cerebrovascular, and Peripheral Arterial Diseases: Data Linkage Study of 1.9 Million Women and Men

10.1371/journal.pone.0153838

Authors: M. Daskalopoulou, J. George, K. Walters, D. Osborn, G. Batty, D. Stogiannis, E. Rapsomaniki, M. Pujades-Rodriguez, S. Denaxas, R. Udumyan, M. Kivimaki, H. Hemingway

2020

Depression in individuals who subsequently develop inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based nested case-control study

10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322308

Authors: J. Blackwell, S. Saxena, I. Petersen, M. Hotopf, H. Creese, A. Bottle, C. Alexakis, R. Pollok

2022

Derivation and External Validation of a Clinical Model to Predict Heart Failure Onset in Patients With Incident Diabetes

10.2337/dc22-0894

Authors: L . Y. Sun, S. Zghebi, A. Eddeen, P. Liu, D. Lee, K. Tu, S. Tobe, E. Kontopantelis, M. Mamas

2023

Derivation and validation of the CFracture competing risk fracture prediction tool compared with QFracture in older people and people with comorbidity: a population cohort study

10.1016/s2666-7568(22)00290-2

Authors: S. Livingstone, B. Guthrie, M. McMinn, C. Eke, P. Donnan, D. Morales

2019

Descriptive epidemiology of hip and knee replacement in rheumatoid arthritis: an analysis of UK electronic medical records

10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.08.008

Authors: S. Hawley, C. Edwards, N. Arden, A. Delmestri, C. Cooper, A. Judge, D. Prieto-Alhambra

2023

Detecting transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) using machine learning: an evaluation of the performance of an algorithm in a UK setting

10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070028

Authors: C. Tsang, A. Huda, M. Norman, C. Dickerson, V. Leo, J. Brownrigg, M. Mamas, P. Elliott

2021

Detecting undiagnosed atrial fibrillation in UK primary care: Validation of a machine learning prediction algorithm in a retrospective cohort study

10.1177/2047487320942338

Authors: S. Sekelj, B. Sandler, E. Johnston, K. Pollock, N. Hill, J. Gordon, C. Tsang, S. Khan, F. Ng, U. Farooqui

2023

Detection and evaluation of signals associated with exposure to individual and combination of medications in pregnancy: a signal detection study protocol

10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073162

Authors: A. Subramanian, S. Lee, S. Sudasinghe, S. Wambua, K. Phillips, M. Singh, A. Azcoaga-Lorenzo, N. Cockburn, J. Wang, A. Fagbamigbe, M. Usman, C. Damase-Michel, C. Yau, L. Kent, C. McCowan, Reilly D, G. Santorelli, H. Hope, J. Kennedy, M. Mhereeg, K. Abel, K. Eastwood, M. Black, M. Loane, N. Moss, S. Brophy, P. Brocklehurst, H. Dolk, C. Nelson-Piercy, K. Nirantharakumar

2000

Detection of colorectal tumor and inflammatory bowel disease during follow-up of patients with initial diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome

Authors: L. Rodriguez, A. Ruigomez, M. Wallander, S. Johansson, L. Olbe

2016

Determinants of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) intolerance and angioedema in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink

10.1111/bcp.13090

Authors: S. Mahmoudpour, E. Baranova, P. Souverein, F. Asselbergs, A. de Boer, A. van der Zee

2018

Determinants of health care costs in the senior elderly: age, comorbidity, impairment, or proximity to death?

10.1007/s10198-017-0926-2

Authors: N. Hazra, C. Rudisill, M. Gulliford

2017

Determinants of initial inhaled corticosteroid use in patients with GOLD A/B COPD: a retrospective study of UK general practice

10.1038/s41533-017-0040-z

Authors: J. Chalmers, A. Tebboth, A. Gayle, A. Ternouth, N. Ramscar

2015

Determinants of oral anticoagulation control in new warfarin patients: analysis using data from Clinical Practice Research Datalink

10.1016/j.thromres.2015.06.007

Authors: A. Macedo, J. Bell, C. McCarron, R. Conroy, J. Richardson, A. Scowcroft, T. Sunderland, N. Rotheram

2020

Determinants of referral of women with urinary incontinence to specialist services: a national cohort study using primary care data from the UK

10.1186/s12875-020-01282-y

Authors: I. Gurol-Urganci, R. Geary, J. Mamza, M. Iwagami, D. El-Hamamsy, J. Duckett, A. Wilson, D. Tincello, J. van der Meulen

2015

Determinants of saxagliptin use among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with oral anti-diabetic drugs

10.1186/s40360-015-0007-z

Authors: M. Saine, D. Carbonari, C. Newcomb, M. Nezamzadeh, K. Haynes, J. Roy, S. Cardillo, S. Hennessy, C. Holick, D. Esposito, A. Gallagher, H. Bhullar, B. Strom, V. Re

2019

Determinants of shingles vaccine acceptance in the United Kingdom

10.1371/journal.pone.0220230

Authors: H. Bricout, L. Torcel-Pagnon, C. Lecomte, M. Almas, I. Matthews, X. Lu, A. Wheelock, N. Sevdalis

2020

Determination of healthcare resource and cost implications of using alternative sodium valproate formulations in the treatment of epilepsy in children in England: a retrospective database review

10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.12.007

Authors: H. Batchelor

2023

Determining cardiovascular risk in patients with unattributed chest pain in UK primary care: an electronic health record study

10.1093/eurjpc/zwad055

Authors: K. Jordan, T. Rathod-Mistry, D. van der Windt, J. Bailey, Y. Chen, L. Clarson, S. Denaxas, R. Hayward, H. Hemingway, T. Kyriacou, M. Mamas

2010

Determining patient characteristics for decision analysis support systems using anonymized electronic patient records

10.1177/1460458209353559

Authors: M. Frisher, D. Short, J. Bashford

2023

Determining prescriptions in electronic healthcare record data: methods for development of standardized, reproducible drug codelists

10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad078

Authors: E. Graul, P. Stone, G. Massen, S. Hatam, A. Adamson, S. Denaxas, N. Peters, J. Quint

2021

Determining propensity for sub-optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to statins and future risk of cardiovascular disease

10.1371/journal.pone.0260839

Authors: S. Weng, R. Akyea, K. Man, W. C. Y. Lau, B. Iyen, J. Blais, E. Chan, C. Siu, N. Qureshi, I. Wong, J. Kai